{"id":15442,"date":"2024-09-20T11:27:47","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T09:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/invoitix.com\/?p=15442"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:30:51","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:30:51","slug":"nizkoemisni-zony-a-silnicni-doprava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/low-emission-zones-and-road-transport\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny a silni\u010dn\u00ed doprava"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na za\u010d\u00e1tku tohoto l\u00e9ta se Var\u0161ava p\u0159ipojila k evropsk\u00fdm m\u011bst\u016fm, kter\u00e1 bojuj\u00ed proti zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pomoc\u00ed n\u00edzkouemisn\u00edch z\u00f3n. Od 1. \u010dervence 2024 bude v polsk\u00e9m hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b platit na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zak\u00e1\u017ee vjezd do centra m\u011bsta a n\u011bkter\u00fdch okrajov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed vozidl\u016fm star\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 27 let s normou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Euro 2 a tak\u00e9 dieselov\u00fdm vozidl\u016fm star\u0161\u00edm ne\u017e 19 let s normou ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e Euro 4.<\/p>

A\u010dkoli se tato pravidla zat\u00edm nezdaj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e1, o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee omezen\u00ed budou postupn\u011b zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1na ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky. Pokud p\u016fjde v\u0161e podle pl\u00e1nu, do roku 2032 budou m\u00edt do centra Var\u0161avy povolen\u00fd vjezd pouze vozidla na benz\u00edn s normou Euro 6 nebo mlad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 18 let a dieselov\u00e1 vozidla s normou Euro 6 nebo mlad\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 12 let.<\/p>

Co jsou n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny a kolik jich v Evrop\u011b existuje?<\/strong><\/h2>

Var\u0161ava, Riga a Sofie loni ozn\u00e1mily, \u017ee se p\u0159ipravuj\u00ed na zaveden\u00ed sv\u00fdch prvn\u00edch n\u00edzkoemisn\u00edch z\u00f3n, kter\u00e9 zak\u00e1\u017eou vjezd nejv\u00edce zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edm vozidl\u016fm do jejich centr\u00e1ln\u00edch oblast\u00ed. Tento krok kop\u00edruje trend z mnoha dal\u0161\u00edch m\u011bst po cel\u00e9 Evrop\u011b, kter\u00e1 tato opat\u0159en\u00ed zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ji\u017e n\u011bkolik desetilet\u00ed.<\/p>

N\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny jsou obecn\u011b definov\u00e1ny jako m\u011bstsk\u00e9 oblasti, kde je omezen p\u0159\u00edstup pro vozidla s vysok\u00fdmi emisemi. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed po\u017eadavky na p\u0159ijateln\u00e9 \u00farovn\u011b emis\u00ed se li\u0161\u00ed podle zem\u011b a z\u00f3ny. Tyto oblasti jsou tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e9 pod n\u00e1zvy jako \"z\u00f3ny \u010dist\u00e9 dopravy\", \"z\u00f3ny \u010dist\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed\" a podobn\u011b.<\/p>

Titul pr\u016fkopn\u00edka je \u010dasto p\u0159ipisov\u00e1n Stockholmu, a to ji\u017e od roku 1996. Lond\u00fdn a Berl\u00edn byly tak\u00e9 mezi prvn\u00edmi m\u011bsty, kter\u00e1 zavedla sv\u00e9 n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny (LEZ) v roce 2008. Od t\u00e9 doby p\u0159ijala mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch evropsk\u00fdch m\u011bst tyto \"zelen\u00e9 z\u00f3ny\" jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch strategi\u00ed na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a podporu \u010dist\u0161\u00edho ovzdu\u0161\u00ed\u2014nap\u0159\u00edklad Lisabon, Oslo, Amsterdam a Mil\u00e1n.<\/p>

P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny existuj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 30 let, jejich roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed bylo v\u00fdrazn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a\u017e v posledn\u00edm desetilet\u00ed, kdy se do pop\u0159ed\u00ed dostala ot\u00e1zka zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a jeho dopadu na lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee nyn\u00ed v Evrop\u011b existuje v\u00edce ne\u017e 300 n\u00edzkoemisn\u00edch z\u00f3n, a o\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee jejich po\u010det bude nad\u00e1le r\u016fst. V\u011bt\u0161ina t\u011bchto z\u00f3n ukl\u00e1d\u00e1 omezen\u00ed pro autobusy a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozy nad 3,5 tuny, zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e1 pravidla se vztahuj\u00ed i na dod\u00e1vky, minibusy, obytn\u00e9 vozy, osobn\u00ed auta a dokonce i motocykly. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b nav\u00edc za\u0161ly je\u0161t\u011b d\u00e1le a zavedly z\u00f3ny s nulov\u00fdmi emisemi.<\/p>

Dnes jsou n\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny pova\u017eov\u00e1ny za jeden z nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak sn\u00ed\u017eit emise pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic, ozonu a oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho, co\u017e jsou t\u0159i hlavn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00ed l\u00e1tky v Evrop\u011b. Nap\u0159\u00edklad odborn\u00edci na zelenou mobilitu odhaduj\u00ed, \u017ee zaveden\u00ed n\u00edzkoemisn\u00edch z\u00f3n v n\u011bmeck\u00fdch m\u011bstech vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00edch koncentrac\u00ed pevn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1stic (PM10) a oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho o 7 % a 4 %.<\/p>

Silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravci \u010del\u00ed rostouc\u00edm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m<\/strong><\/h2>

Zav\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed n\u00edzkoemisn\u00edch z\u00f3n v centrech m\u011bst st\u00e1le v\u00edce tla\u010d\u00ed na subjekty v oblasti silni\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy, aby zva\u017eovaly alternativn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed. N\u00edzkoemisn\u00ed z\u00f3ny m\u011bn\u00ed vzorce mobility a up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed vozidla s n\u00edzk\u00fdmi emisemi, zejm\u00e9na elektrick\u00e9 a hybridn\u00ed dod\u00e1vky a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozy, stejn\u011b jako alternativy, jako jsou doru\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed na kole.<\/p>

Spr\u00e1vci vozov\u00fdch park\u016f jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce nuceni aktivn\u011b vyv\u00edjet strategie k dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f a pl\u00e1novat dop\u0159edu, a\u017e budou omezen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed. V\u0161ichni se shoduj\u00ed, \u017ee jedinou skute\u010dnou odpov\u011bd\u00ed je implementace nov\u00fdch, zelen\u00fdch technologi\u00ed a vybaven\u00ed.<\/p>

Na druh\u00e9 stran\u011b je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee to p\u0159edstavuje zna\u010dnou v\u00fdzvu pro silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravce v Evrop\u011b, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e \u010del\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdm p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017ek\u00e1m. Nap\u0159\u00edklad ozn\u00e1men\u00ed Stockholmu, \u017ee do konce roku 2024 by se centrum m\u011bsta m\u011blo st\u00e1t v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159\u00edsn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \"ekologickou z\u00f3nou t\u0159\u00eddy 3\" (kter\u00e1 t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 v\u00fdhradn\u011b povol\u00ed vjezd pouze elektrick\u00fdm a hybridn\u00edm komer\u010dn\u00edm vozidl\u016fm), se setkalo s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm odporem dopravc\u016f.<\/p>

\"\u0160v\u00e9dsk\u00fd dopravn\u00ed sektor je jedn\u00edm z nej\u010dist\u0161\u00edch na sv\u011bt\u011b a velmi rychle se restrukturalizuje. Od roku 2010 jsme sn\u00ed\u017eili emise o 34 %, ale m\u011bsto Stockholm nyn\u00ed sp\u011bch\u00e1 a\u017e p\u0159\u00edli\u0161,\" uvedla asociace Transportf\u00f6retagen s t\u00edm, \u017ee i v pokro\u010dil\u00e9m \u0160v\u00e9dsku nejsou z\u00e1kazn\u00edci st\u00e1le p\u0159ipraveni platit v\u00edce za udr\u017eiteln\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed.<\/p>

Kritici konceptu tak\u00e9 poukazuj\u00ed na probl\u00e9my s vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00edm a dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00edm p\u0159edpis\u016f (zda jsou m\u00edstn\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ady schopny zajistit monitoring a vym\u00e1h\u00e1n\u00ed pravidel). Existuj\u00ed tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 infrastrukturn\u00ed omezen\u00ed.<\/p>

V\u011bd\u011bli jste<\/strong><\/h2>

Podle nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch \u00fadaj\u016f Evropsk\u00e9 asociace v\u00fdrobc\u016f automobil\u016f (ACEA) je pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel v Evropsk\u00e9 unii 13,9 let, dod\u00e1vek 12,5 let, zat\u00edmco osobn\u00ed auta jsou \"nejmlad\u0161\u00ed\" s pr\u016fm\u011brem 12,3 let. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed vozov\u00fd park m\u00e1 \u0158ecko, kde pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00fd v\u011bk n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel je neuv\u011b\u0159iteln\u00fdch 23 let a lehk\u00fdch u\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidel 21,4 let. Nejl\u00e9pe je na tom Rakousko, kter\u00e9 m\u00e1 nejmlad\u0161\u00ed dod\u00e1vky (v pr\u016fm\u011bru 6,5 let) a n\u00e1kladn\u00ed vozidla (6,7 let).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zaveden\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch z\u00f3n zlep\u0161uje kvalitu ovzdu\u0161\u00ed, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdzvy pro evropsk\u00e9 dopravce, jejich\u017e kamiony jsou v pr\u016fm\u011bru t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 14 let star\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399095,"featured_media":16024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1417,1589,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-bg_only","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399095"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}