{"id":16783,"date":"2025-04-04T15:53:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T13:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/?p=16783"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:28:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:28:31","slug":"the-gordian-knot-at-the-brenner-pass-restrictions-shaking-european-transport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/the-gordian-knot-at-the-brenner-pass-restrictions-shaking-european-transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Gordick\u00fd uzel na Brennersk\u00e9m pr\u016fsmyku: Omezen\u00ed ot\u0159\u00e1saj\u00ed evropskou dopravou"},"content":{"rendered":"

P\u0159\u00edpad Brennersk\u00e9ho pr\u016fsmyku dnes z\u00e1sadn\u011b ovliv\u0148uje mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed logistiku a tok zbo\u017e\u00ed nap\u0159\u00ed\u010d Evropou.<\/p>

Na jedn\u00e9 stran\u011b je n\u00e1zor, \u017ee voln\u00fd pohyb zbo\u017e\u00ed je z\u00e1kladn\u00edm principem evropsk\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed. Na stran\u011b druh\u00e9 se rakousk\u00e9 \u00fa\u0159ady sna\u017e\u00ed chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 obyvatele a \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159ed rostouc\u00edm tranzitem kamion\u016f p\u0159es Alpy. Sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed t\u011bchto pohled\u016f se zd\u00e1 b\u00fdt v nedohlednu a cel\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitost ji\u017e dosp\u011bla a\u017e k Soudn\u00edmu dvoru Evropsk\u00e9 unie.<\/p>

Kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 trasa<\/h2>

Brennersk\u00fd pr\u016fsmyk je hlavn\u00ed tranzitn\u00ed cestou mezi It\u00e1li\u00ed a Rakouskem a p\u0159edstavuje d\u016fle\u017eitou tepnu mobility na severo-ji\u017en\u00ed ose Evropy. Ro\u010dn\u011b touto trasou projede v\u00edce ne\u017e 2,4 milionu kamion\u016f \u2014 a jejich po\u010det st\u00e1le roste.<\/p>

Omezen\u00ed pr\u016fjezdu t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdch n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vozidel p\u0159es Alpy zahrnuj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed: z\u00e1kaz no\u010dn\u00ed j\u00edzdy, z\u00e1kaz p\u0159epravy ur\u010dit\u00fdch druh\u016f n\u00e1kladu, sobotn\u00ed zimn\u00ed z\u00e1kazy \u010di tzv. blokov\u00e9 odbavov\u00e1n\u00ed \u2014 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed dny, kdy je povolen p\u0159ejezd maxim\u00e1ln\u011b 300 kamion\u016fm za hodinu.<\/p>

Mnoh\u00e9 st\u00e1ty tato dopravn\u00ed omezen\u00ed od za\u010d\u00e1tku kritizuj\u00ed (nap\u0159\u00edklad Ma\u010farsko, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, N\u011bmecko\u2026), ale nejhlasit\u011bji vystupuje It\u00e1lie \u2014 jej\u00ed export je na Brenneru z\u00e1visl\u00fd nejv\u00edce.<\/p>

Kolik z\u00e1kazy stoj\u00ed?<\/h2>

V posledn\u00edch letech zazn\u00edvaly z \u0159ad podnikatel\u016f z okoln\u00edch zem\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 odhady n\u00e1klad\u016f, kter\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy, zdr\u017een\u00ed a \u010dekac\u00ed doby p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed.<\/p>

Jedn\u00edm z nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch odhad\u016f je ten z po\u010d\u00e1tku leto\u0161n\u00edho \u00fanora od italsk\u00e9ho ministerstva dopravy, podle kter\u00e9ho brennersk\u00e1 omezen\u00ed st\u00e1la italsk\u00fd dopravn\u00ed sektor za posledn\u00edch p\u011bt let a\u017e 1,8 miliardy eur. Italov\u00e9 tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tato opat\u0159en\u00ed p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed jen minim\u00e1ln\u00ed ekologick\u00fd p\u0159\u00ednos. Nap\u0159\u00edklad z\u00e1kaz no\u010dn\u00ed j\u00edzdy podle nich zp\u016fsobuje z\u00e1cpy v rann\u00edch a odpoledn\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, co\u017e vede k v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm emis\u00edm, ne\u017e kdyby kamiony plynule proj\u00ed\u017ed\u011bly.<\/p>

N\u011bmeck\u00fd Svaz n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy a logistiky (BGL) tak\u00e9 opakovan\u011b upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee rakousk\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed po\u0161kozuj\u00ed ekonomiku, zejm\u00e9na mal\u00e9 a st\u0159edn\u00ed dopravce a \u0159idi\u010de.<\/p>

It\u00e1lie tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee omezen\u00ed poru\u0161uj\u00ed pravidla voln\u00e9ho obchodu a pohybu zbo\u017e\u00ed v r\u00e1mci EU, a proto v polovin\u011b roku 2024 ofici\u00e1ln\u011b podala st\u00ed\u017enost k Soudn\u00edmu dvoru EU.<\/p>

It\u00e1lie mezit\u00edm (n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed by \u0159ekli \u201ekone\u010dn\u011b\u201c) z\u00edskala podporu Evropsk\u00e9 komise. A\u010dkoli r\u016fzn\u00e9 dopravn\u00ed asociace, obchodn\u00ed komory i Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed unie silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy (IRU) Komisi opakovan\u011b \u017e\u00e1daly o z\u00e1sah, ta se dlouho dr\u017eela stranou s t\u00edm, \u017ee sousedn\u00ed zem\u011b si mus\u00ed tranzitn\u00ed spory vy\u0159e\u0161it samy. Kdy\u017e bylo loni ozn\u00e1meno, \u017ee Komise podpo\u0159\u00ed \u017ealobu It\u00e1lie proti Rakousku, dopravn\u00ed sektor to p\u0159ijal jako v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed \u0158\u00edma.<\/p>

Protiargumenty: Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed doprava<\/h2>

Rakousko naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zaveden\u00e1 opat\u0159en\u00ed jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e1 pro ochranu citliv\u00e9ho alpsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V d\u016fsledku vysok\u00fdch emis\u00ed jsou v Alp\u00e1ch a jejich okol\u00ed \u010dasto p\u0159ekra\u010dov\u00e1ny limity zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. C\u00edlem restrikc\u00ed je tak\u00e9 podpo\u0159it p\u0159esun n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy na \u017eeleznici, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm tzv. RoLa linek (kamiony p\u0159epravovan\u00e9 po \u017eeleznici).<\/p>

Jedn\u00edm z kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch projekt\u016f, kter\u00fd rakouskou strategii podporuje, je Brennersk\u00fd b\u00e1zov\u00fd tunel (BBT), kter\u00fd je pr\u00e1v\u011b ve v\u00fdstavb\u011b a umo\u017en\u00ed masivn\u00ed p\u0159esun zbo\u017e\u00ed ze silnice na koleje. Tunel by m\u011bl b\u00fdt uveden do provozu v roce 2032 a umo\u017en\u00ed p\u0159ev\u00e9zt a\u017e 50 milion\u016f tun zbo\u017e\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b po \u017eeleznici. Zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed se tak kapacita n\u00e1kladn\u00edch vlak\u016f a konkurenceschopnost tohoto zp\u016fsobu dopravy.<\/p>

Pokud jde o soudn\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, Rakousko svou pozici obhajuje s odvol\u00e1n\u00edm na ohro\u017een\u00ed ve\u0159ejn\u00e9ho zdrav\u00ed nadm\u011brn\u00fdm provozem. It\u00e1lie m\u011bla \u010das na odpov\u011b\u010f do 31. b\u0159ezna 2025. V dob\u011b psan\u00ed tohoto \u010dl\u00e1nku jej\u00ed stanovisko zat\u00edm nebylo zn\u00e1mo, ale d\u00e1 se o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee brzy vyjde najevo.<\/p>

Pokud by soud rozhodl ve prosp\u011bch It\u00e1lie, Rakousku by hrozily sankce \u2014 nap\u0159\u00edklad denn\u00ed pokuty \u010di jednor\u00e1zov\u00e1 pen\u00e1le. Ani to v\u0161ak nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee se tento gordick\u00fd uzel poda\u0159\u00ed brzy \u010di snadno rozetnout.<\/p>

Dal\u0161\u00ed komplikace<\/h2>

Situaci d\u00e1le zt\u00ed\u017eilo omezen\u00ed provozu na most\u011b Lueg na brennersk\u00e9 d\u00e1lnici, platn\u00e9 od 1. ledna leto\u0161n\u00edho roku kv\u016fli stavebn\u00edm prac\u00edm. V b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch dnech je provoz veden jen v jednom j\u00edzdn\u00edm pruhu v ka\u017ed\u00e9m sm\u011bru, v\u00fdjimku tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00edkendy a dopravn\u011b exponovan\u00e9 \u010dasy, kdy jsou otev\u0159eny dva pruhy.<\/p>

Rakousk\u00e1 spr\u00e1va silnic a d\u00e1lnic \u2014 ASFINAG \u2014 zve\u0159ejnila po dvou a p\u016fl m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 hodnocen\u00ed, podle kter\u00e9ho do\u010dasn\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed funguje dob\u0159e a doch\u00e1z\u00ed jen k m\u00edrn\u00e9mu prodlou\u017een\u00ed zdr\u017een\u00ed, a to pouze v ur\u010dit\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch. Jak se dalo \u010dekat, takov\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce p\u0159ilila olej do ohn\u011b nespokojen\u00fdch soused\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Driving restrictions at the Brenner Pass, which Austria has been applying for decades, remain a constant stumbling block in European transport. These restrictive measures, introduced with the aim of protecting the environment and reducing traffic congestion, have sparked a series of disputes between Austria, Italy, and Germany. Although the first bans date back to the 1980s, a key turning point was 2003, when Tyrol introduced the “Immissionsschutzgesetz-Luft” (IG-L) Air Protection Act, which regulated traffic restrictions due to high emissions of pollutants. Since then, the measures have gradually tightened, primarily affecting freight transport.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399094,"featured_media":16785,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1417,1589,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-bg_only","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399094"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16783\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}