Prodlou\u017een\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na nakl\u00e1dku \u010di vykl\u00e1dku nen\u00ed jen probl\u00e9mem jednotliv\u00fdch zem\u00ed, ale glob\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzvou silni\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1kladn\u00ed dopravy. \u0158idi\u010di poci\u0165uj\u00ed dopady jako prvn\u00ed \u2013 zdr\u017een\u00ed jim br\u00e1n\u00ed v pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed povinn\u00fdch p\u0159est\u00e1vek a odpo\u010dinku, v pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed v j\u00edzd\u011b, nebo v tom, aby jednodu\u0161e dokon\u010dili trasu a vr\u00e1tili se dom\u016f. \u010cekac\u00ed doba tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou \u010d\u00e1st provozn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f dopravy \u2013 zat\u00edmco ujet\u00e9 kilometry vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed hodnotu, ka\u017ed\u00e1 hodina st\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo sni\u017euje ziskovost dopravc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skute\u010dnost, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b zavedly finan\u010dn\u00ed kompenzaci v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b, kdy kamion \u010dek\u00e1 d\u00e9le ne\u017e stanovenou dobu, ukazuje, \u017ee si uv\u011bdomuj\u00ed ekonomickou opodstatn\u011bnost \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed tohoto probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
P\u0159esto se zd\u00e1, \u017ee negativn\u00ed praktiky je obt\u00ed\u017en\u00e9 vym\u00fdtit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Poplatek 100 \u20ac za ka\u017edou hodinu \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na nakl\u00e1dku, nebo vykl\u00e1dku \u2013 po uplynut\u00ed p\u0159edepsan\u00fdch 90 minut \u2013 v posledn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch zp\u016fsobil v It\u00e1lii zna\u010dn\u00e9 turbulence. A\u010dkoli ministerstvo dopravy ned\u00e1vno p\u00edsemn\u011b potvrdilo, \u017ee tento poplatek je povinn\u00fd a nevyjednateln\u00fd, dopravn\u00ed spole\u010dnosti tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed klienti je vyd\u00edraj\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee po\u017eaduj\u00ed podpis smluv, kter\u00e9 jsou v p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9m rozporu se z\u00e1konem, a t\u00edm se \u201edobrovoln\u011b\u201c vzdaj\u00ed kompenzace.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asociace FIAP (Federazione Italiana Autotrasportatori Professionali) byla nucena obr\u00e1tit se na \u00fa\u0159ad pro ochranu hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017ee. \u017d\u00e1d\u00e1 vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed nekal\u00fdch obchodn\u00edch praktik. Dodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1kona je podle italsk\u00fdch dopravc\u016f nerovnom\u011brn\u00e9 a n\u011bkter\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce jeho uplat\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed aktivn\u011b br\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Zda je regulace t\u00e9to oblasti z\u00e1konem spr\u00e1vn\u00fdm \u0159e\u0161en\u00edm \u2013 a nakolik p\u0159isp\u011bla k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed probl\u00e9mu \u2013 uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010das. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed odborn\u00edci na dopravu a logistiku se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee st\u00e1tn\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed mohou vyv\u00edjet nadm\u011brn\u00fd tlak na \u201edruhou stranu\u201c, kter\u00e1 se sama pot\u00fdk\u00e1 s \u0159adou probl\u00e9m\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento typ kompenzace zavedlo v Evrop\u011b jako prvn\u00ed Portugalsko, kter\u00e9 na konci dnes ji\u017e pom\u011brn\u011b vzd\u00e1len\u00e9ho roku 2021 stanovilo, \u017ee \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed u nakl\u00e1dac\u00edch ramp nesm\u00ed p\u0159es\u00e1hnout dv\u011b hodiny. V n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch letech se p\u0159idalo \u0160pan\u011blsko s podobnou \u00fapravou a mezit\u00edm se i Italov\u00e9 rozhodli, \u017ee u\u017e nebudou \u010dekat zadarmo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dlouh\u00e9 \u010dekac\u00ed doby na nakl\u00e1dku nebo vykl\u00e1dku ovliv\u0148uje cel\u00e1 \u0159ada faktor\u016f. Mezi nej\u010dast\u011bji uv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00e9 pat\u0159\u00ed nedostate\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a \u0161patn\u00e1 synchronizace p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edch a odchoz\u00edch tok\u016f zbo\u017e\u00ed v logistick\u00fdch centrech, nedostatek nakl\u00e1dac\u00edch ramp a dostupn\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu, stejn\u011b jako neefektivn\u00ed spr\u00e1va dokumentace souvisej\u00edc\u00ed s dod\u00e1n\u00edm a expedic\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u010dkoli se odhady analytik\u016f li\u0161\u00ed, v jednom se shoduj\u00ed: stoj\u00ed to hodn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za\u010dn\u011bme u ji\u017e zm\u00edn\u011bn\u00fdch Ital\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 centrum Fedetrasporti d\u0159\u00edve analyzovalo satelitn\u00ed a tachografick\u00e1 data a dosp\u011blo k alarmuj\u00edc\u00edm \u010d\u00edsl\u016fm. Pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 denn\u00ed pracovn\u00ed doba \u0159idi\u010d\u016f v sledovan\u00e9m obdob\u00ed \u010dinila 11 hodin a 28 minut, z toho: 6 hodin a 18 minut \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, 35 minut p\u0159est\u00e1vek a cel\u00fdch 4 hodiny a 35 minut \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na nakl\u00e1dku a vykl\u00e1dku. Po zapo\u010dten\u00ed mezd \u0159idi\u010d\u016f, n\u00e1klad\u016f ztracen\u00e9 produktivity vozidel a ztr\u00e1t zp\u016fsoben\u00fdch zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edmi odhadli odborn\u00edci, \u017ee cel\u00e9 odv\u011btv\u00ed silni\u010dn\u00ed dopravy v It\u00e1lii p\u0159ich\u00e1z\u00ed ro\u010dn\u011b p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b o 3 miliardy \u20ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podobn\u00e1 je situace v Polsku, kde jedna ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee \u0159idi\u010di v mnoha dopravn\u00edch firm\u00e1ch tr\u00e1v\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00edm pouze asi 75 % sv\u00e9 pracovn\u00ed doby, zat\u00edmco optim\u00e1ln\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed by dnes m\u011blo dosahovat 90\u201395 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ani v N\u011bmecku nen\u00ed situace ide\u00e1ln\u00ed, i kdy\u017e se zd\u00e1, \u017ee se alespo\u0148 m\u00edrn\u011b zlep\u0161uje. Pravideln\u00e1 zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159i nakl\u00e1dce v distribu\u010dn\u00edch centrech maloobchodu hl\u00e1silo v roce 2022 celkem 86 % respondent\u016f, zat\u00edmco loni to bylo 72 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To, \u017ee \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed nen\u00ed izolovan\u00fdm probl\u00e9mem jedin\u00e9 zem\u011b, potvrzuje tak\u00e9 anal\u00fdza nadace Truckers Life, kter\u00e1 zkoumala, na co si \u0159idi\u010di kamion\u016f v Evrop\u011b nej\u010dast\u011bji st\u011b\u017euj\u00ed p\u0159i pr\u00e1ci v logistick\u00fdch centrech. \u0158idi\u010di hodnotili p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed v Polsku, ale tak\u00e9 v N\u011bmecku, Nizozemsku, Francii, \u0160pan\u011blsku\u2026 Mezi nejproblemati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed oblasti za\u0159adili nedodr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed dohodnut\u00fdch \u010das\u016f nakl\u00e1dky a vykl\u00e1dky, dlouh\u00e9 \u010dek\u00e1n\u00ed na vjezd do are\u00e1l\u016f a nedostatek konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch informac\u00ed o zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch. N\u00e1sleduj\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 hled\u00e1n\u00ed parkovac\u00edch m\u00edst, \u0161patn\u00e1 komunikace s person\u00e1lem logistick\u00fdch (v\u00fdrobn\u00edch) center, nedostatek sanit\u00e1rn\u00edho z\u00e1zem\u00ed a dal\u0161\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A\u010dkoli se recepty na sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u010dekac\u00edch dob zdaj\u00ed logick\u00e9 (rezervace \u010dasov\u00fdch slot\u016f, jasn\u00e9 protokoly apod.), praxe ukazuje, \u017ee to nen\u00ed tak jednoduch\u00e9. Doprava je \u201e\u017eiv\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201c a nelze ji v\u017edy napl\u00e1novat do posledn\u00edho detailu, proto\u017ee existuje mnoho faktor\u016f, kter\u00e9 mohou zp\u016fsobit naru\u0161en\u00ed, zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed a posuny harmonogram\u016f. Krom\u011b toho nen\u00ed nedostatek pracovn\u00edk\u016f probl\u00e9mem pouze dopravn\u00edch spole\u010dnost\u00ed, ale tak\u00e9 provozovatel\u016f logistick\u00fdch a v\u00fdrobn\u00edch center<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokud bychom m\u011bli navrhnout univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u010dekac\u00edch dob, spo\u010d\u00edvalo by v kombinaci dvou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch faktor\u016f: vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednos\u016f modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed (r\u016fzn\u00e9 aplikace pro pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a rezervaci \u010dasov\u00fdch slot\u016f, sledovac\u00ed softwarov\u00e1 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, automatizovan\u00e9 intralogistick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my apod.) a kvalitn\u00ed komunikace a spolupr\u00e1ce v\u0161ech \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f dodavatelsk\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce. V\u010dasn\u00e9 sd\u00edlen\u00ed informac\u00ed o zpo\u017ed\u011bn\u00edch, mo\u017enost flexibiln\u011b upravovat \u010dasov\u00e9 sloty a vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9 pochopen\u00ed z\u00e1jm\u016f v\u0161ech stran by nepochybn\u011b v\u00fdrazn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011blo ke zkr\u00e1cen\u00ed \u010dekac\u00edch dob a ke zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed celkov\u00e9 efektivity dopravy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u0160patn\u00e1 synchronizace mezi p\u0159\u00edchoz\u00edmi a odchoz\u00edmi toky zbo\u017e\u00ed, nedostatek pracovn\u00edk\u016f v logistick\u00fdch centrech a neefektivn\u00ed spr\u00e1va dokument\u016f pat\u0159\u00ed mezi hlavn\u00ed d\u016fvody, pro\u010d \u0159idi\u010di tr\u00e1v\u00ed dlouh\u00e9 hodiny \u010dek\u00e1n\u00edm u nakl\u00e1dac\u00edch ramp \u2013 zat\u00edmco dopravci p\u0159ich\u00e1zej\u00ed o pen\u00edze.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399094,"featured_media":18259,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1417,1589,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-bg_only","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399094"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/cz\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}