{"id":15442,"date":"2024-09-20T11:27:47","date_gmt":"2024-09-20T09:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/invoitix.com\/?p=15442"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:30:51","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:30:51","slug":"nizkoemisne-zony-a-cestna-doprava","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/low-emission-zones-and-road-transport\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny a cestn\u00e1 doprava"},"content":{"rendered":"

Na za\u010diatku tohto leta sa Var\u0161ava pripojila k eur\u00f3pskym mest\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 bojuj\u00fa proti zne\u010disteniu pomocou n\u00edzkouemisn\u00fdch z\u00f3n. Od 1. j\u00fala 2024 bude v po\u013eskom hlavnom meste plati\u0165 nariadenie, ktor\u00e9 zak\u00e1\u017ee vjazd do centra mesta a niektor\u00fdch okrajov\u00fdch oblast\u00ed vozidl\u00e1m star\u0161\u00edm ako 27 rokov s normou ni\u017e\u0161ou ako Euro 2 a tie\u017e dieselov\u00fdm vozidl\u00e1m star\u0161\u00edm ako 19 rokov s normou ni\u017e\u0161ou ako Euro 4.<\/p>

Hoci sa tieto pravidl\u00e1 zatia\u013e nezdaj\u00fa pr\u00edli\u0161 pr\u00edsne, o\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee obmedzenia bud\u00fa postupne spr\u00eds\u0148ovan\u00e9 ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva roky. Pokia\u013e p\u00f4jde v\u0161etko pod\u013ea pl\u00e1nu, do roku 2032 bud\u00fa ma\u0165 do centra Var\u0161avy povolen\u00fd vjazd len vozidl\u00e1 na benz\u00edn s normou Euro 6 alebo mlad\u0161ie ako 18 rokov a dieselov\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 s normou Euro 6 alebo mlad\u0161ie ako 12 rokov.<\/p>

\u010co s\u00fa n\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny a ko\u013eko ich v Eur\u00f3pe existuje?<\/strong><\/h2>

Var\u0161ava, Riga a Sofia vlani ozn\u00e1mili, \u017ee sa pripravuj\u00fa na zavedenie svojich prv\u00fdch n\u00edzkoemisn\u00fdch z\u00f3n, ktor\u00e9 zak\u00e1\u017eu vjazd najviac zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00facim vozidl\u00e1m do ich centr\u00e1lnych oblast\u00ed. Tento krok kop\u00edruje trend z mnoh\u00fdch \u010fal\u0161\u00edch miest po celej Eur\u00f3pe, ktor\u00e9 tieto opatrenia zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa u\u017e nieko\u013eko desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed.<\/p>

N\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny s\u00fa v\u0161eobecne definovan\u00e9 ako mestsk\u00e9 oblasti, kde je obmedzen\u00fd pr\u00edstup pre vozidl\u00e1 s vysok\u00fdmi emisiami. Konkr\u00e9tne po\u017eiadavky na prijate\u013en\u00e9 \u00farovne emisi\u00ed sa l\u00ed\u0161ia pod\u013ea krajiny a z\u00f3ny. Tieto oblasti s\u00fa tie\u017e zn\u00e1me pod n\u00e1zvami ako \"z\u00f3ny \u010distej dopravy\", \"z\u00f3ny \u010dist\u00e9ho ovzdu\u0161ia\" a podobne.<\/p>

Titul priekopn\u00edka je \u010dasto pripisovan\u00fd \u0160tokholmu, a to u\u017e od roku 1996. Lond\u00fdn a Berl\u00edn boli tie\u017e medzi prv\u00fdmi mestami, ktor\u00e9 zaviedli svoje n\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny (LEZ) v roku 2008. Od tej doby prijala mnoho \u010fal\u0161\u00edch eur\u00f3pskych miest tieto \"zelen\u00e9 z\u00f3ny\" ako s\u00fa\u010das\u0165 svojich strat\u00e9gi\u00ed na zn\u00ed\u017eenie zne\u010distenia a podporu \u010distej\u0161ieho ovzdu\u0161ia \u2013 napr\u00edklad Lisabon, Oslo, Amsterdam a Mil\u00e1no.<\/p>

Napriek tomu, \u017ee n\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny existuj\u00fa takmer 30 rokov, ich roz\u0161\u00edrenie bolo v\u00fdraznej\u0161ie a\u017e v poslednom desa\u0165ro\u010d\u00ed, ke\u010f sa do popredia dostala ot\u00e1zka zne\u010distenia a jeho dopadu na \u013eudsk\u00e9 zdravie. Odborn\u00edci odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee teraz v Eur\u00f3pe existuje viac ako 300 n\u00edzkoemisn\u00fdch z\u00f3n, a o\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee ich po\u010det bude na\u010falej r\u00e1s\u0165. V\u00e4\u010d\u0161ina t\u00fdchto z\u00f3n uklad\u00e1 obmedzenia pre autobusy a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 nad 3,5 tony, zatia\u013e \u010do niektor\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 sa vz\u0165ahuj\u00fa aj na dod\u00e1vky, minibusy, obytn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, osobn\u00e9 aut\u00e1 a dokonca aj motocykle. Niektor\u00e9 krajiny navy\u0161e za\u0161li e\u0161te \u010falej a zaviedli z\u00f3ny s nulov\u00fdmi emisiami.<\/p>

Dnes s\u00fa n\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za jeden z naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch sp\u00f4sobov, ako zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 emisie pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc, oz\u00f3nu a oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho, \u010do s\u00fa tri hlavn\u00e9 zne\u010dis\u0165uj\u00face l\u00e1tky v Eur\u00f3pe. Napr\u00edklad odborn\u00edci na zelen\u00fa mobilitu odhaduj\u00fa, \u017ee zavedenie n\u00edzkoemisn\u00fdch z\u00f3n v nemeck\u00fdch mest\u00e1ch viedlo k zn\u00ed\u017eeniu priemern\u00fdch ro\u010dn\u00fdch koncentr\u00e1ci\u00ed pevn\u00fdch \u010dast\u00edc (PM10) a oxidu dusi\u010dit\u00e9ho o 7 % a 4 %.<\/p>

Cestn\u00ed dopravcovia \u010delia rast\u00facim v\u00fdzvam<\/strong><\/h2>

Zav\u00e1dzanie n\u00edzkoemisn\u00fdch z\u00f3n v centr\u00e1ch miest \u010doraz viac tla\u010d\u00ed na subjekty v oblasti cestnej n\u00e1kladnej dopravy, aby zva\u017eovali alternat\u00edvne rie\u0161enie. N\u00edzkoemisn\u00e9 z\u00f3ny menia vzorce mobility a uprednost\u0148uj\u00fa vozidl\u00e1 s n\u00edzkymi emisiami, najm\u00e4 elektrick\u00e9 a hybridn\u00e9 dod\u00e1vky a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1, rovnako ako alternat\u00edvy, ako s\u00fa doru\u010dovanie na bicykli.<\/p>

Spr\u00e1vcovia vozov\u00fdch parkov s\u00fa st\u00e1le viac n\u00faten\u00ed akt\u00edvne vyv\u00edja\u0165 strat\u00e9gie na dodr\u017eiavanie existuj\u00facich predpisov a pl\u00e1nova\u0165 dopredu, a\u017e bud\u00fa obmedzenia e\u0161te pr\u00edsnej\u0161ie. V\u0161etci sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee jedinou skuto\u010dnou odpove\u010fou je implement\u00e1cia nov\u00fdch, zelen\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed a vybavenia.<\/p>

Na druhej strane je zrejm\u00e9, \u017ee to predstavuje zna\u010dn\u00fa v\u00fdzvu pre cestn\u00fdch dopravcov v Eur\u00f3pe, ktor\u00ed u\u017e \u010delia r\u00f4znym prek\u00e1\u017ekam. Napr\u00edklad ozn\u00e1menie \u0160tokholmu, \u017ee do konca roku 2024 by sa centrum mesta malo sta\u0165 v\u00fdrazne pr\u00edsnej\u0161ou \"ekologickou z\u00f3nou triedy 3\" (ktor\u00e1 takmer v\u00fdhradne povol\u00ed vjazd iba elektrick\u00fdm a hybridn\u00fdm komer\u010dn\u00fdm vozidl\u00e1m), sa stretlo s v\u00fdrazn\u00fdm odporom dopravcov.<\/p>

\u0160v\u00e9dsky dopravn\u00fd sektor je jedn\u00fdm z naj\u010distej\u0161\u00edch na svete a ve\u013emi r\u00fdchlo sa re\u0161trukturalizuje. Od roku 2010 sme zn\u00ed\u017eili emisie o 34 %, ale mesto \u0160tokholm sa teraz pon\u00e1h\u013ea a\u017e pr\u00edli\u0161, uviedla asoci\u00e1cia Transportf\u00f6retagen s t\u00fdm, \u017ee aj v pokro\u010dilom \u0160v\u00e9dsku nie s\u00fa z\u00e1kazn\u00edci st\u00e1le pripraven\u00ed plati\u0165 viac za udr\u017eate\u013en\u00e9 dopravn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie.<\/p>

Kritici konceptu tie\u017e poukazuj\u00fa na probl\u00e9my s vym\u00e1han\u00edm a dodr\u017eiavan\u00edm predpisov (\u010di s\u00fa miestne \u00farady schopn\u00e9 zaisti\u0165 monitoring a vym\u00e1hanie pravidiel). Existuj\u00fa aj ur\u010dit\u00e9 infra\u0161trukt\u00farne obmedzenia.<\/p>

Vedeli ste<\/strong><\/h2>

Pod\u013ea najnov\u0161\u00edch \u00fadajov Eur\u00f3pskej asoci\u00e1cie v\u00fdrobcov automobilov (ACEA) je priemern\u00fd vek n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch vozidiel v Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanii 13,9 rokov, dod\u00e1vok 12,5 rokov, zatia\u013e \u010do osobn\u00e9 aut\u00e1 s\u00fa \"najmlad\u0161ie\" s priemerom 12,3 rokov. Najstar\u0161\u00ed vozov\u00fd park m\u00e1 Gr\u00e9cko, kde priemern\u00fd vek n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch vozidiel je neuverite\u013en\u00fdch 23 rokov a \u013eahk\u00fdch \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel 21,4 rokov. Najlep\u0161ie je na tom Rak\u00fasko, ktor\u00e9 m\u00e1 najnov\u0161ie dod\u00e1vky (v priemere 6,5 rokov) a n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 (6,7 rokov).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zavedenie ekologick\u00fdch z\u00f3n zlep\u0161uje kvalitu ovzdu\u0161ia, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 predstavuje v\u00fdzvy pre eur\u00f3pskych dopravcov, ktor\u00fdch kami\u00f3ny s\u00fa v priemere takmer 14 rokov star\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399095,"featured_media":16024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1417,1589,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-bg_only","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399095"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15442"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}