{"id":16783,"date":"2025-04-04T15:53:02","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T13:53:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/?p=16783"},"modified":"2025-09-04T12:28:31","modified_gmt":"2025-09-04T10:28:31","slug":"the-gordian-knot-at-the-brenner-pass-restrictions-shaking-european-transport","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/the-gordian-knot-at-the-brenner-pass-restrictions-shaking-european-transport\/","title":{"rendered":"Gordick\u00fd uzol na Brennerskom priesmyku: Obmedzenia otriasaj\u00fa eur\u00f3pskou dopravou"},"content":{"rendered":"

Pr\u00edpad Brennersk\u00e9ho priesmyku dnes z\u00e1sadne ovplyv\u0148uje medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fa logistiku a tok tovaru naprie\u010d Eur\u00f3pou.<\/p>

Na jednej strane je n\u00e1zor, \u017ee vo\u013en\u00fd pohyb tovaru je z\u00e1kladn\u00fdm princ\u00edpom eur\u00f3pskeho spolo\u010denstva. Na druhej strane sa rak\u00faske \u00farady sna\u017eia chr\u00e1ni\u0165 svojich obyvate\u013eov a \u017eivotn\u00e9 prostredie pred rast\u00facim tranzitom kami\u00f3nov cez Alpy. Zmierenie t\u00fdchto poh\u013eadov sa zd\u00e1 by\u0165 v nedoh\u013eadne a cel\u00e1 z\u00e1le\u017eitos\u0165 u\u017e dospela a\u017e k S\u00fadnemu dvoru Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie.<\/p>

K\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e1 trasa<\/h2>

Brennersk\u00fd priesmyk je hlavnou tranzitnou cestou medzi Talianskom a Rak\u00faskom a predstavuje d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa tepnu mobility na severo-ju\u017enej osi Eur\u00f3py. Ro\u010dne touto trasou prejde viac ako 2,4 mili\u00f3na kami\u00f3nov \u2013 a ich po\u010det st\u00e1le rastie.<\/p>

Obmedzenia prejazdu \u0165a\u017ek\u00fdch n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch vozidiel cez Alpy zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00fa r\u00f4zne opatrenia: z\u00e1kaz no\u010dnej jazdy, z\u00e1kaz prepravy ur\u010dit\u00fdch druhov n\u00e1kladu, sobotn\u00e9 zimn\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy \u010di tzv. blokov\u00e9 odbavovanie \u2014 konkr\u00e9tne dni, kedy je povolen\u00fd prejazd maxim\u00e1lne 300 kami\u00f3nom za hodinu.<\/p>

Mnoh\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty tieto dopravn\u00e9 obmedzenia od za\u010diatku kritizuj\u00fa (napr\u00edklad Ma\u010farsko, \u010cesk\u00e1 republika, Nemecko\u2026), ale najhlasnej\u0161ie vystupuje Taliansko \u2014 jeho export je na Brenneri z\u00e1visl\u00fd najviac.<\/p>

Ko\u013eko z\u00e1kazy stoja?<\/h2>

V posledn\u00fdch rokoch zaznievali z radov podnikate\u013eov z okolit\u00fdch kraj\u00edn r\u00f4zne odhady n\u00e1kladov, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1kazy, zdr\u017eanie a \u010dakacie doby prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa.<\/p>

Jedn\u00fdm z najnov\u0161\u00edch odhadov je ten zo za\u010diatku tohtoro\u010dn\u00e9ho febru\u00e1ra od talianskeho ministerstva dopravy, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho brennersk\u00e9 obmedzenia st\u00e1li taliansky dopravn\u00fd sektor za posledn\u00fdch p\u00e4\u0165 rokov a\u017e 1,8 miliardy eur. Taliani tvrdia, \u017ee tieto opatrenia prin\u00e1\u0161aj\u00fa len minim\u00e1lny ekologick\u00fd pr\u00ednos. Napr\u00edklad z\u00e1kaz no\u010dnej jazdy pod\u013ea nich sp\u00f4sobuje z\u00e1pchy v rann\u00fdch a popolud\u0148aj\u0161\u00edch hodin\u00e1ch, \u010do vedie k v\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edm emisi\u00e1m, ako keby kami\u00f3ny plynulo prech\u00e1dzali.<\/p>

Nemeck\u00fd Zv\u00e4z n\u00e1kladnej dopravy a logistiky (BGL) tie\u017e opakovane upozor\u0148uje, \u017ee rak\u00faske opatrenia po\u0161kodzuj\u00fa ekonomiku, najm\u00e4 mal\u00fdch a stredn\u00fdch dopravcov a vodi\u010dov.<\/p>

Taliansko tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee obmedzenia poru\u0161uj\u00fa pravidl\u00e1 vo\u013en\u00e9ho obchodu a pohybu tovaru v r\u00e1mci E\u00da, a preto v polovici roku 2024 ofici\u00e1lne podalo s\u0165a\u017enos\u0165 na S\u00fadny dvor E\u00da.<\/p>

Taliansko medzit\u00fdm (niektor\u00ed by povedali \u201ekone\u010dne\u201c) z\u00edskalo podporu Eur\u00f3pskej komisie. Hoci r\u00f4zne dopravn\u00e9 asoci\u00e1cie, obchodn\u00e9 komory i Medzin\u00e1rodn\u00e1 \u00fania cestnej dopravy (IRU) Komisiu opakovane \u017eiadali o z\u00e1sah, t\u00e1 sa dlho dr\u017eala bokom s t\u00fdm, \u017ee susedn\u00e9 krajiny si musia tranzitn\u00e9 spory vyrie\u0161i\u0165 samy. Ke\u010f bolo vlani ozn\u00e1men\u00e9, \u017ee Komisia podpor\u00ed \u017ealobu Talianska proti Rak\u00fasku, dopravn\u00fd sektor to prijal ako v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 v\u00ed\u0165azstvo R\u00edma.<\/p>

Protiargumenty: Verejn\u00e9 zdravie a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 doprava<\/h2>

Rak\u00fasko naopak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee zaveden\u00e9 opatrenia s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00e9 pre ochranu citliv\u00e9ho alpsk\u00e9ho prostredia. V d\u00f4sledku vysok\u00fdch emisi\u00ed s\u00fa v Alp\u00e1ch a ich okol\u00ed \u010dasto prekra\u010dovan\u00e9 limity zne\u010distenia. Cie\u013eom re\u0161trikci\u00ed je tie\u017e podpori\u0165 presun n\u00e1kladnej dopravy na \u017eeleznici, predov\u0161etk\u00fdm prostredn\u00edctvom tzv. RoLa liniek (kami\u00f3ny prepravovan\u00e9 po \u017eeleznici).<\/p>

Jedn\u00fdm z k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch projektov, ktor\u00fd rak\u00fasku strat\u00e9giu podporuje, je Brennersk\u00fd b\u00e1zov\u00fd tunel (BBT), ktor\u00fd je pr\u00e1ve vo v\u00fdstavbe a umo\u017en\u00ed mas\u00edvny presun tovaru z cesty na ko\u013eaje. Tunel by mal by\u0165 uveden\u00fd do prev\u00e1dzky v roku 2032 a umo\u017en\u00ed previez\u0165 a\u017e 50 mili\u00f3nov ton tovaru ro\u010dne po \u017eeleznici. Zv\u00fd\u0161i sa tak kapacita n\u00e1kladn\u00fdch vlakov a konkurencieschopnos\u0165 tohto sp\u00f4sobu dopravy.<\/p>

Pokia\u013e ide o s\u00fadne konanie, Rak\u00fasko svoju poz\u00edciu obhajuje s odvolan\u00edm sa na ohrozenie verejn\u00e9ho zdravia nadmernou prev\u00e1dzkou. Taliansko malo \u010das na odpove\u010f do 31. marca 2025. V \u010dase p\u00edsania tohto \u010dl\u00e1nku jej stanovisko zatia\u013e nebolo zn\u00e1me, ale d\u00e1 sa o\u010dak\u00e1va\u0165, \u017ee \u010doskoro vyjde najavo.<\/p>

Ak by s\u00fad rozhodol v prospech Talianska, Rak\u00fasku by hrozili sankcie \u2013 napr\u00edklad denn\u00e9 pokuty \u010di jednorazov\u00e9 pen\u00e1le. Ani to v\u0161ak nezaru\u010duje, \u017ee sa tento gordick\u00fd uzol podar\u00ed \u010doskoro alebo \u013eahko rozotn\u00fa\u0165.<\/p>

\u010eal\u0161ie komplik\u00e1cie<\/h2>

Situ\u00e1ciu \u010falej s\u0165a\u017eilo obmedzenie prev\u00e1dzky na moste Lueg na brennerskej dia\u013enici, platn\u00e9 od 1. janu\u00e1ra tohto roku kv\u00f4li stavebn\u00fdm pr\u00e1cam. V be\u017en\u00fdch d\u0148och je prev\u00e1dzka veden\u00e1 len v jednom jazdnom pruhu v ka\u017edom smere, v\u00fdnimku tvoria v\u00edkendy a dopravne exponovan\u00e9 \u010dasy, kedy s\u00fa otvoren\u00e9 dva pruhy.<\/p>

Rak\u00faska spr\u00e1va ciest a dia\u013enic \u2013 ASFINAG \u2013 zverejnila po dvoch a pol mesiacoch predbe\u017en\u00e9 hodnotenie, pod\u013ea ktor\u00e9ho do\u010dasn\u00e9 rie\u0161enie funguje dobre a doch\u00e1dza len k miernemu pred\u013a\u017eeniu zdr\u017eania, a to iba v ur\u010dit\u00fdch hodin\u00e1ch. Ako sa dalo \u010daka\u0165, tak\u00e1 spr\u00e1va e\u0161te viac priliala olej do oh\u0148a nespokojn\u00fdch susedov.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Driving restrictions at the Brenner Pass, which Austria has been applying for decades, remain a constant stumbling block in European transport. These restrictive measures, introduced with the aim of protecting the environment and reducing traffic congestion, have sparked a series of disputes between Austria, Italy, and Germany. Although the first bans date back to the 1980s, a key turning point was 2003, when Tyrol introduced the “Immissionsschutzgesetz-Luft” (IG-L) Air Protection Act, which regulated traffic restrictions due to high emissions of pollutants. Since then, the measures have gradually tightened, primarily affecting freight transport.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399094,"featured_media":16785,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1417,1589,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-16783","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-bg_only","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16783","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399094"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=16783"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/16783\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/16785"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=16783"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=16783"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=16783"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}