Pred\u013a\u017een\u00e9 \u010dakanie na nakl\u00e1dku \u010di vykl\u00e1dku nie je len probl\u00e9mom jednotliv\u00fdch kraj\u00edn, ale glob\u00e1lnou v\u00fdzvou cestnej n\u00e1kladnej dopravy. Vodi\u010di poci\u0165uj\u00fa dopady ako prv\u00e9 \u2013 zdr\u017eanie im br\u00e1ni v pl\u00e1novan\u00ed povinn\u00fdch prest\u00e1vok a odpo\u010dinku, v pokra\u010dovan\u00ed v jazde, alebo v tom, aby jednoducho dokon\u010dili trasu a vr\u00e1tili sa domov. \u010cakacia doba tvor\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 prev\u00e1dzkov\u00fdch n\u00e1kladov dopravy \u2013 zatia\u013e \u010do najazden\u00e9 kilometre vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa hodnotu, ka\u017ed\u00e1 hodina st\u00e1tia priamo zni\u017euje ziskovos\u0165 dopravcov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Skuto\u010dnos\u0165, \u017ee niektor\u00e9 krajiny zaviedli finan\u010dn\u00fa kompenz\u00e1ciu v pr\u00edpade, ke\u010f kami\u00f3n \u010dak\u00e1 dlh\u0161ie ako stanoven\u00fa dobu, ukazuje, \u017ee si uvedomuj\u00fa ekonomick\u00fa opodstatnenos\u0165 rie\u0161enia tohto probl\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Napriek tomu sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee negat\u00edvne praktiky je \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 odstr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Poplatok 100 \u20ac za ka\u017ed\u00fa hodinu \u010dakania na nakl\u00e1dku alebo vykl\u00e1dku \u2013 po uplynut\u00ed predp\u00edsan\u00fdch 90 min\u00fat \u2013 v posledn\u00fdch mesiacoch sp\u00f4sobil v Taliansku zna\u010dn\u00e9 turbulencie. Hoci ministerstvo dopravy ned\u00e1vno p\u00edsomne \u200b\u200bpotvrdilo, \u017ee tento poplatok je povinn\u00fd a nevyjednate\u013en\u00fd, dopravn\u00e9 spolo\u010dnosti tvrdia, \u017ee niektor\u00ed klienti ich vydieraj\u00fa t\u00fdm, \u017ee po\u017eaduj\u00fa podpis zml\u00fav, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa v priamom rozpore so z\u00e1konom, a t\u00fdm sa \u201edobrovo\u013ene\u201c vzdaj\u00fa kompenz\u00e1cie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Asoci\u00e1cia FIAP (Federazione Italiana Autotrasportatori Professionali) bola n\u00faten\u00e1 obr\u00e1ti\u0165 sa na \u00farad pre ochranu hospod\u00e1rskej s\u00fa\u0165a\u017ee. \u017diada vy\u0161etrenie nekal\u00fdch obchodn\u00fdch prakt\u00edk. Dodr\u017eiavanie z\u00e1kona je pod\u013ea talianskych dopravcov nerovnomern\u00e9 a niektor\u00e9 \u010dasti dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca jeho uplat\u0148ovaniu akt\u00edvne br\u00e1nia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010ci je regul\u00e1cia tejto oblasti z\u00e1konom spr\u00e1vnym rie\u0161en\u00edm \u2013 a nako\u013eko prispela k rie\u0161eniu probl\u00e9mu \u2013 uk\u00e1\u017ee a\u017e \u010das. Niektor\u00ed odborn\u00edci na dopravu a logistiku sa domnievaj\u00fa, \u017ee \u0161t\u00e1tne opatrenia m\u00f4\u017eu vyv\u00edja\u0165 nadmern\u00fd tlak na \u201edruh\u00fa stranu\u201c, ktor\u00e1 sa sama stret\u00e1va s radom probl\u00e9mov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tento typ kompenz\u00e1cie zaviedlo v Eur\u00f3pe ako prv\u00e9 Portugalsko, ktor\u00e9 na konci dnes u\u017e pomerne vzdialen\u00e9ho roku 2021 stanovilo, \u017ee \u010dakanie u nakladac\u00edch r\u00e1mp nesmie presiahnu\u0165 dve hodiny. V nasleduj\u00facich rokoch sa pridalo \u0160panielsko s podobnou \u00fapravou a medzit\u00fdm sa aj Taliani rozhodli, \u017ee u\u017e nebud\u00fa \u010daka\u0165 zadarmo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dlh\u00e9 \u010dakacie doby na nakl\u00e1dku alebo vykl\u00e1dku ovplyv\u0148uje cel\u00fd rad faktorov. Medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie uv\u00e1dzan\u00e9 patr\u00ed nedostato\u010dn\u00e9 pl\u00e1novanie a zl\u00e1 synchroniz\u00e1cia prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facich a odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facich tokov tovaru v logistick\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch, nedostatok nakladac\u00edch r\u00e1mp a dostupn\u00e9ho person\u00e1lu, rovnako ako neefekt\u00edvna spr\u00e1va dokument\u00e1cie s\u00favisiace s dodan\u00edm a exped\u00edciou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoci sa odhady analytikov l\u00ed\u0161ia, v jednom sa zhoduj\u00fa: stoj\u00ed to ve\u013ea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Za\u010dnime u u\u017e spom\u00ednan\u00fdch Talianov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00fdskumn\u00e9 centrum Fedetrasporti predt\u00fdm analyzovalo satelitn\u00e9 a tachografick\u00e9 d\u00e1ta a dospelo k alarmuj\u00facim \u010d\u00edslam. Priemern\u00e1 denn\u00e1 pracovn\u00e1 doba vodi\u010dov v sledovanom obdob\u00ed bola 11 hod\u00edn a 28 min\u00fat, z toho: 6 hod\u00edn a 18 min\u00fat riadenia, 35 min\u00fat prest\u00e1vok a cel\u00fdch 4 hodiny a 35 min\u00fat \u010dakania na nakl\u00e1dku a vykl\u00e1dku. Po zapo\u010d\u00edtan\u00ed miezd vodi\u010dov, n\u00e1kladov stratenej produktivity vozidiel a str\u00e1t sp\u00f4soben\u00fdch oneskoreniami odhadli odborn\u00edci, \u017ee cel\u00e9 odvetvie cestnej dopravy v Taliansku prich\u00e1dza ro\u010dne pribli\u017ene o 3 miliardy \u20ac.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Podobn\u00e1 je situ\u00e1cia v Po\u013esku, kde jedna ned\u00e1vna anal\u00fdza uv\u00e1dza, \u017ee vodi\u010di v mnoh\u00fdch dopravn\u00fdch firm\u00e1ch tr\u00e1via riaden\u00edm iba asi 75 % svojho pracovn\u00e9ho \u010dasu, zatia\u013e \u010do optim\u00e1lne vyu\u017eitie by dnes malo dosahova\u0165 90 \u2013 95 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ani v Nemecku nie je situ\u00e1cia ide\u00e1lna, aj ke\u010f sa zd\u00e1, \u017ee sa aspo\u0148 mierne zlep\u0161uje. Pravideln\u00e9 oneskorenia pri nakl\u00e1dke v distribu\u010dn\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch maloobchodu hl\u00e1silo v roku 2022 celkom 86 % respondentov, zatia\u013e \u010do vlani to bolo 72 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To, \u017ee \u010dakanie nie je izolovan\u00fdm probl\u00e9mom jedinej krajiny, potvrdzuje aj anal\u00fdza nad\u00e1cie Truckers Life, ktor\u00e1 sk\u00famala, na \u010do sa vodi\u010di kami\u00f3nov v Eur\u00f3pe naj\u010dastej\u0161ie s\u0165a\u017euj\u00fa pri pr\u00e1ci v logistick\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch. Vodi\u010di hodnotili predov\u0161etk\u00fdm zariadenia v Po\u013esku, ale aj v Nemecku, Holandsku, Franc\u00fazsku, \u0160panielsku\u2026 Medzi najproblematickej\u0161ie oblasti zaradili nedodr\u017eiavanie dohodnut\u00fdch \u010dasov nakl\u00e1dky a vykl\u00e1dky, dlh\u00e9 \u010dakanie na vjazd do are\u00e1lov a nedostatok konkr\u00e9tnych inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o oneskoreniach. Nasleduj\u00fa dlh\u00e9 h\u013eadanie parkovac\u00edch miest, zl\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia s person\u00e1lom logistick\u00fdch (v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch) centier, nedostatok sanit\u00e1rneho z\u00e1zemia a \u010fal\u0161ie probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoci sa recepty na zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u010dakac\u00edch \u010dias zdaj\u00fa logick\u00e9 (rezerv\u00e1cia \u010dasov\u00fdch slotov, jasn\u00e9 protokoly a pod.), prax ukazuje, \u017ee to nie je tak jednoduch\u00e9. Doprava je \u201e\u017eiv\u00fd syst\u00e9m\u201c a nemo\u017eno ju v\u017edy napl\u00e1nova\u0165 do posledn\u00e9ho detailu, preto\u017ee existuje mnoho faktorov, ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 naru\u0161enie, oneskorenie a posuny harmonogramov. Okrem toho nie je nedostatok pracovn\u00edkov probl\u00e9mom iba dopravn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed, ale aj prev\u00e1dzkovate\u013eov logistick\u00fdch a v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch centier<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ak by sme mali navrhn\u00fa\u0165 univerz\u00e1lne rie\u0161enie na zn\u00ed\u017eenie \u010dakac\u00edch \u010dias, spo\u010d\u00edvalo by v kombin\u00e1cii dvoch k\u013e\u00fa\u010dov\u00fdch faktorov: vyu\u017eitie pr\u00ednosov modern\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed (r\u00f4zne aplik\u00e1cie pre pl\u00e1novanie a rezerv\u00e1ciu \u010dasov\u00fdch slotov, sledovacie softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 \u200b\u200brie\u0161enia, automatizovan\u00e9 intralogistick\u00e9 syst\u00e9my a pod.) a kvalitn\u00e1 komunik\u00e1cia a spolupr\u00e1ca v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov dod\u00e1vate\u013esk\u00e9ho re\u0165azca. V\u010dasn\u00e9 zdie\u013eanie inform\u00e1ci\u00ed o oneskoreniach, mo\u017enos\u0165 flexibilne upravova\u0165 \u010dasov\u00e9 sloty a vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 pochopenie z\u00e1ujmov v\u0161etk\u00fdch str\u00e1n by nepochybne v\u00fdrazne prispelo k skr\u00e1teniu \u010dakac\u00edch \u010dias a k zv\u00fd\u0161eniu celkovej efektivity dopravy.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Zl\u00e1 synchroniz\u00e1cia medzi prich\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi a odch\u00e1dzaj\u00facimi tokmi tovaru, nedostatok pracovn\u00edkov v logistick\u00fdch centr\u00e1ch a neefekt\u00edvna spr\u00e1va dokumentov patr\u00ed medzi hlavn\u00e9 d\u00f4vody, pre\u010do vodi\u010di tr\u00e1via dlh\u00e9 hodiny \u010dakan\u00edm u nakladac\u00edch r\u00e1mp \u2013 zatia\u013e \u010do dopravcovia prich\u00e1dzaj\u00fa o peniaze.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399094,"featured_media":18259,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1417,1589,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-18257","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blogs","category-bg_only","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399094"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=18257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/18257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/18259"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=18257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=18257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=18257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}