V m\u00e1ji sa op\u00e4\u0165 dostali do centra pozornosti zosilnen\u00e9 kontroly \u00fa\u017eitkov\u00fdch vozidiel naprie\u010d celou Eur\u00f3pou. V r\u00e1mci pravidelnej akcie \u201eTruck & Bus Operation\u201c \u2013 koordinovanej iniciat\u00edvy Eur\u00f3pskej siete dopravn\u00fdch pol\u00edci\u00ed (ROADPOL) \u2013 sa n\u00e1kladn\u00e9 vozidl\u00e1 ocitli v centre pozornosti u\u017e druh\u00fdkr\u00e1t v tomto roku. Ka\u017edoro\u010dne sa konaj\u00fa tri tak\u00e9to kontroln\u00e9 t\u00fd\u017edne a medzi naj\u010dastej\u0161ie zisten\u00e9 poru\u0161enia v n\u00e1kladnej doprave takmer v\u017edy patr\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edvanie a manipul\u00e1cia s tachografmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Napriek \u010doraz pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00edm technol\u00f3gi\u00e1m a efekt\u00edvnej\u0161\u00edm kontroln\u00fdm met\u00f3dam zost\u00e1va manipul\u00e1cia s tachografmi jedn\u00fdm z najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00edch probl\u00e9mov v cestnej n\u00e1kladnej doprave v Eur\u00f3pe. Pr\u00edpady odhalen\u00e9 in\u0161pektormi naprie\u010d cel\u00fdm kontinentom ukazuj\u00fa, \u017ee ani inteligentn\u00e9 tachografy druhej gener\u00e1cie nie s\u00fa \u00faplne odoln\u00e9 vo\u010di podvodom: \u201efal\u0161ovanie\u201c len nadob\u00fada nov\u00e9 formy. Zd\u00e1 sa, \u017ee popri v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch technol\u00f3gi\u00ed vznikaj\u00fa aj nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby, ako obch\u00e1dza\u0165 predpisy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na druhej strane sa neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161uj\u00fa dozorn\u00e9 org\u00e1ny, ale aj podvodn\u00edci. Cie\u013e je v\u0161ak jasn\u00fd: potl\u00e1\u010da\u0165 nekal\u00e9 obchodn\u00e9 praktiky, ktor\u00e9 z\u00e1rove\u0148 predstavuj\u00fa v\u00e1\u017ene riziko pre bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 cestnej prem\u00e1vky.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Jazda s magnetom je, \u017eia\u013e, jav, ktor\u00fd sa v kontroln\u00fdch spr\u00e1vach objavuje u\u017e dlhodobo. Podvodn\u00edci vyu\u017e\u00edvali r\u00f4zne triky: umiest\u0148ovali magnety do r\u00e1mu autor\u00e1dia, v bl\u00edzkosti prevodovky a podobne, v\u017edy s cie\u013eom predstiera\u0165 prest\u00e1vku vodi\u010da, zatia\u013e \u010do vozidlo je v skuto\u010dnosti v pohybe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
To bol v\u0161ak len za\u010diatok.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Policajti \u0161pecializovan\u00ed na t\u00fato oblas\u0165 sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee techniky manipul\u00e1cie s tachografmi sa za posledn\u00fdch p\u00e4tn\u00e1s\u0165 rokov v\u00fdrazne vyvinuli. Spo\u010diatku boli najroz\u0161\u00edrenej\u0161ie jednoduch\u0161ie formy zneu\u017e\u00edvania (napr\u00edklad pou\u017e\u00edvanie magnetov), no postupne sa objavili zlo\u017eitej\u0161ie met\u00f3dy vr\u00e1tane z\u00e1sahov do samotn\u00e9ho hardv\u00e9ru \u2013 napr\u00edklad in\u0161tal\u00e1cia dodato\u010dn\u00fdch impulzn\u00fdch sn\u00edma\u010dov alebo manipul\u00e1cia s existuj\u00facimi senzormi. S\u00fabe\u017ene sa rozv\u00edjali aj softv\u00e9rov\u00e9 manipul\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 sa aktivovali prostredn\u00edctvom USB zariaden\u00ed alebo PIN k\u00f3dov. Hoci bol inteligentn\u00fd tachograf zaveden\u00fd v j\u00fani 2019, nie je vo\u010di zneu\u017eitiu im\u00fanny, ke\u010f\u017ee boli zaznamenan\u00e9 aj pr\u00edpady hardv\u00e9rov\u00fdch manipul\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Okrem toho s\u00fa st\u00e1le ve\u013emi roz\u0161\u00edren\u00e9 aj \u201ejednoduch\u0161ie\u201c poru\u0161enia, ako je jazda bez karty vodi\u010da alebo pou\u017e\u00edvanie karty inej osoby.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Odborn\u00edci sa zhoduj\u00fa, \u017ee inteligentn\u00e9 tachografy druhej gener\u00e1cie, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa dnes povinn\u00e9 v medzin\u00e1rodnej kami\u00f3novej doprave v E\u00da (a \u010doskoro aj v dod\u00e1vkovej doprave), priniesli oproti predch\u00e1dzaj\u00facim modelom vy\u0161\u0161iu \u00farove\u0148 zabezpe\u010denia \u2014 hoci podvodn\u00edci s\u00fa, samozrejme, \u010doraz \u201e\u0161ikovnej\u0161\u00ed\u201c. Jedn\u00fdm z v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch nepriamych d\u00f4sledkov Bal\u00edka mobility v tejto oblasti je povinn\u00e1 v\u00fdmena inteligentn\u00fdch tachografov prvej gener\u00e1cie za zariadenia druhej gener\u00e1cie. V\u010faka tomu z vozidiel postupne zmizla \u010das\u0165 zmanipulovan\u00fdch tachografov a pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov sa ich po\u010det v\u00fdrazne zn\u00ed\u017eil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201eDopravca v Chorv\u00e1tsku dostal za manipul\u00e1ciu pokutu 3 000 eur, vodi\u010d 900 eur\u201c, \u201eZa fal\u0161ovanie \u00fadajov z tachografu hroz\u00ed pokuta a\u017e 5 000 libier\u201c, \u201eZa dr\u017ebu zariadenia na manipul\u00e1ciu s tachografom hroz\u00ed v\u00e4zenie\u201c, \u201ePr\u00edsnej\u0161ie kontroly a vy\u0161\u0161ie sankcie vo \u0160v\u00e9dsku\u201c \u2014 podobn\u00e9 titulky sa v m\u00e9di\u00e1ch objavuj\u00fa \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Eur\u00f3pa bojuje proti manipul\u00e1cii s tachografmi \u010doraz organizovanej\u0161ie a technologicky vyspelej\u0161ie \u2014 prostredn\u00edctvom koordinovan\u00fdch medzin\u00e1rodn\u00fdch kontrol, pr\u00edsnej\u0161\u00edch sankci\u00ed a digit\u00e1lnych n\u00e1strojov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoci sa jednotliv\u00e9 predpisy v r\u00f4znych krajin\u00e1ch prirodzene l\u00ed\u0161ia, manipul\u00e1cia s tachografmi je \u010doraz \u010dastej\u0161ie pova\u017eovan\u00e1 za organizovan\u00fd delikt alebo dokonca trestn\u00fd \u010din. Pozornos\u0165 sa tak pres\u00fava od jednotliv\u00fdch vodi\u010dov k \u0161ir\u0161iemu syst\u00e9mu \u2014 teda aj k dopravn\u00fdm spolo\u010dnostiam, dod\u00e1vate\u013eom podvodn\u00e9ho vybavenia a \u010fal\u0161\u00edm zapojen\u00fdm subjektom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Na za\u010diatku roka vzbudil pozornos\u0165 pr\u00edpad pred belgick\u00fdm s\u00fadom, kde boli dvaja Poliaci ods\u00faden\u00ed na trest od\u0148atia slobody. O nieko\u013eko rokov sk\u00f4r ich prichytili pri predaji zariaden\u00ed ur\u010den\u00fdch na podvody s tachografmi, ktor\u00e9 n\u00e1sledne vyu\u017e\u00edvalo viacero dopravn\u00fdch spolo\u010dnost\u00ed. S\u00fad dospel k z\u00e1veru, \u017ee konali koordinovane a pom\u00e1hali firm\u00e1m p\u00e1cha\u0165 podvody s tachografmi prostredn\u00edctvom USB zariaden\u00ed a softv\u00e9ru, ako aj dod\u00e1vkami u\u017e upraven\u00fdch zariaden\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Pokia\u013e ide o nov\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie, za v\u00fdznamn\u00fd pr\u00ednos sa pova\u017euje dia\u013ekov\u00e9 od\u010d\u00edtanie tachografov, ktor\u00e9 v\u00fdrazne u\u013eah\u010dilo identifik\u00e1ciu rizikov\u00fdch vozidiel a ich v\u00fdber na podrobn\u00e9 \u201emanu\u00e1lne\u201c kontroly. Hoci ide len o n\u00e1stroj predbe\u017en\u00e9ho v\u00fdberu, t\u00e1to met\u00f3da m\u00e1 aj d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fd prevent\u00edvny efekt: \u010d\u00edm vy\u0161\u0161ia je pravdepodobnos\u0165 odhalenia podvodu, t\u00fdm menej \u013eud\u00ed je ochotn\u00fdch sa do\u0148 zapoji\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u010eal\u0161\u00edm d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fdm krokom pri odha\u013eovan\u00ed a postihovan\u00ed t\u00fdchto poru\u0161en\u00ed je spolo\u010dn\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 kontroln\u00fdch org\u00e1nov z r\u00f4znych kraj\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Napr\u00edklad Eur\u00f3pska sie\u0165 dopravnej pol\u00edcie ROADPOL pravidelne organizuje \u0161pecializovan\u00e9 \u0161kolenia, po\u010das ktor\u00fdch si policajti a dopravn\u00ed in\u0161pektori vymie\u0148aj\u00fa sk\u00fasenosti a u\u010dia sa od popredn\u00fdch odborn\u00edkov (tzv. masterclasses). Tieto \u0161kolenia zvy\u010dajne kombinuj\u00fa predn\u00e1\u0161ky, uk\u00e1\u017eky aj praktick\u00e9 cvi\u010denia, v\u010faka \u010domu si \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edci zlep\u0161uj\u00fa schopnos\u0165 odha\u013eova\u0165 manipul\u00e1cie a z\u00edskavaj\u00fa hlb\u0161ie porozumenie syst\u00e9mom tachografov. Najnov\u0161ie masterclasses ROADPOL boli zameran\u00e9 pr\u00e1ve na odha\u013eovanie podvodov spojen\u00fdch s inteligentn\u00fdmi tachografmi druhej gener\u00e1cie \u2014 aby kontrol\u00f3ri zostali v\u017edy o krok pred podvodn\u00edkmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hoci cestn\u00e1 n\u00e1kladn\u00e1 doprava \u010del\u00ed tlaku z mnoh\u00fdch str\u00e1n a dnes nie je jednoduch\u00e9 zosta\u0165 konkurencieschopn\u00fd, manipul\u00e1cia a zneu\u017e\u00edvanie tachografov nesm\u00fa by\u0165 sp\u00f4sobom konkuren\u010dn\u00e9ho boja na trhu. Fal\u0161ovanie \u00fadajov o \u010dase jazdy a odpo\u010dinku je mimoriadne nebezpe\u010dn\u00e9 pre v\u0161etk\u00fdch \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edkov cestnej prem\u00e1vky: neprin\u00e1\u0161a \u00fasporu \u010dasu, ale v\u00e1\u017ene ohrozuje bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 na cest\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Od magnetov a\u017e po softv\u00e9r \u2013 v posledn\u00fdch rokoch sa met\u00f3dy podvodov, \u017eia\u013e, v\u00fdrazne vyvinuli. Na druhej strane s\u00fa st\u00e1le ob\u013e\u00faben\u00e9 aj tie \u201enajjednoduch\u0161ie\u201c sp\u00f4soby, ako je jazda s kartou inej osoby.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":154399094,"featured_media":19176,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1589,1417,1588,1586,1587,1585,1591,1590,1593,1592],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-19175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bg_only","category-blogs","category-cz_only","category-de_only","category-es_only","category-pl_only","category-ro_only","category-rs_only","category-si_only","category-sk_only"],"blocksy_meta":[],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/154399094"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19175"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19178,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19175\/revisions\/19178"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/invoitix.com\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}